Do You Have What It Takes to Be a Consultant?
By Penelope Cagney, MA, CFRE

You’ve developed a special expertise and long to help others through it. Maybe you’ve always dreamed of being your own boss and having more control over your work environment. Or you’re recently retired, or are in between jobs, and need to earn some extra income.
There are many reasons to become a consultant but not everyone has what it takes. Whether you’re considering making a career switch in this direction, or you’ve already started off down this path, you can increase your chances of success.
Transferable skills
To begin with, what do you have to offer? You may want to categorize your existing skill set into areas of expertise. Then ask, how might this benefit others? How can you present this so that the value is obvious.
Before going any further, let’s clarify the difference between consulting and contracting. Federal and state governments have regulations that define who is an independent contractor/consultant and who is an employee. If a nonprofit misclassifies a worker, the nonprofit can be at significant legal risk.
Employees do, consultants advise. Blogger Seth Godin puts it this way: “Architects (consultants) don’t manufacture nails, assemble windows or chop down trees. Instead, they take existing components and assemble them in interesting and important ways.” (Wise consultants understand, however, that there’s sometimes a gray area between doing and advising. As part of teaching we may model a behavior first.)
The key question to answer is whether or not you can reframe what you know in terms of consultation and not execution. For instance, if you are a major gifts expert, can you develop principals and guidelines that can be adapted for many organizations as opposed to developing the relationships with donors yourself?
If you can indeed offer something that has real value and can be classified as “true” consulting, you need to develop specific consulting skills.
Expertise is just the beginning
It’s not enough to be an expert. There’s an entire separate set of consulting skills to be learned.
To begin with, most consultants must develop entrepreneurial skills they must be equipped to manage their own small businesses. They must know how to market themselves, which for consultants is a careful balance of selling services without compromising credibility. You must be subtler than a used car salesman!
Consultants must understand the actual process of consulting because otherwise, no matter how good the advice, it won’t be heeded. The most common complaint of novice consultants about their clients is that “they didn’t listen” or “they wouldn’t take my advice.” While it’s true that nonprofits can sometimes be stubbornly resistant to a consultant’s best efforts, it may also be the case that the consultant’s inexperience is to blame. Anyone can give advice, even good advice, but few know how to ensure that their advice is taken.
Personality profile
While a wide variety of people come to consult at one time or another, there’s a particular type who is especially attracted to this as a career according to David Maister, recently retired Harvard University professor and expert on consultants. They typically are highly autonomous (although quite capable of working in groups), they are driven, intelligent, competitive, dislike ambiguity, and suffer from “Imposter’s Syndrome,” the ever-changing challenges of consultant work provide them with endless opportunities to prove themselves over and over again.
How to gain skills
Read up
If you are new to consulting reading up on the field is of course advisable (you may want to check out my new book, “Nonprofit Consulting Essentials: What Nonprofits and Consultants Need to Know”). While there isn’t a lot written specifically for consultants to nonprofits, there are many books on the topic in general that you may find beneficial.
Join up
Consider joining a professional association. Here you can gain new skills and connect with colleagues. Since most consultants, working on their own, don’t have the readily available camaraderie found in large organizations, the opportunity to network is an important tool to combat the isolation that comes with the territory. Membership organizations provide education especially for consultants; webinars, conferences, literature and research. They provide guidance for practice through codes of ethics and best practices, and some even offer certification.
The Alliance for Nonprofit Management is an association of capacity-builders with many consultant members. The Institute of Management Consultants (IMC) USA is for consultants across sectors that offers educational opportunities and certification. The Giving Institute and the Association of Philanthropic Counsel are specifically for fundraising consultants. There are other groups, too, for marketing, organizational development, prospect research, grant writing and coaching. There’s even an organization for those who do executive search, the Network of Non-Profit Search Consultants.
You may enjoy the advantages of being accepted into a like-minded group like the Georgia Center for Nonprofit’s own consulting team
(http://www.gcn.org/Solve/Consulting.aspx) or Arizona’s St. Luke’s Health Initiative’s Health in New Key consultant community of practice. The members support one another, exchange insights and experience, and share common values.
Find a mentor
An association is a good place to look for a mentor. You may feel more comfortable with one outside of your geographic area or particular discipline, since client confidentiality is always a concern.
Practice
Like your mother always told you, practice makes perfect. Seek opportunities to develop or refine your consulting skills by offering to do work pro bono or for reduced fees. (It’s neither ethically or professionally advisable to experiment on unsuspecting paying clients.) And don’t forget to give clients an opportunity to evaluate your performance so you can improve.
Success
What will success look like? There are benchmarks all along the way…the first contract signed, the first successful completion of a project, meeting your own financial goals. You’ll know for sure when you have the certainty that your consultation really helped an organization. There’s little that’s as satisfying.
About the Author
Penelope Cagney, MA, CFRE, has 25 years of experience in planning, development and governance. She spent seven years with one of the largest consulting companies to nonprofits and was a member of their long-distance learning faculty. Penelope taught graduate nonprofit management at the School of the Art Institute and Columbia College, Chicago, and was a distinguished visiting professor at American University in Cairo, Egypt.

Cagney is the author of “Nonprofit Consulting Essentials: What Every Nonprofit and Consultant Needs to Know (Jossey-Bass/Alliance of Nonprofit Management, San Francisco, CA 2010) and editor of “Beyond Profit: the Complete Guide to Managing the Nonprofit Organization,” (Lutterworth Press, Cambridge, England, 1991). She has written extensively for publications internationally and presents frequently at many national and international conferences.
OK Online Training - Do You Have What It Takes to Become a Consultant?
Date: Thursday, January 20, 2011
Time: 2:00 p.m. EST/ 11:00 a.m. PST
Comment below if you want to be a Nonprofit Consultant
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